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ZVI ECKSTEIN |
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RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS DYNAMIC FEMALE LABOR SUPPLY ZVI ECKSTEIN and OSNAT LIFSHITZ The
Walras-Bowley Lecture, Econometric Society Meeting,
June 19, 2008 Pittsburgh, USA Econometrica,
Vol. 79, No. 6, November 2011. The rise
in US GDP per capita (section 1)
Main
Facts and the Literature (section 2) We present a complete set of the figures created during this project, including figures that do not appear in the paper, together with the code used to construct them. Note that the Excel files include hidden worksheets containing the data.
Data and
Estimation (section 4)
Estimation
Results for the 1955 Cohort (section 5)
Accounting
for the Increase in Female Employment (section 6)
Changes
by Cohort and Aggregate Fit (section 7)
CPS Data, variables and sample
restriction Data was
taken from the Annual Demographic Surveys (March CPS supplement) conducted by
the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of the Census. This survey is
the primary source for detailed information on income and work experience in
the United States. A detailed description of the survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps. Our data, for the
years 1962-2007, was extracted using the Unicon CPS utilities. The sample is restricted to civilian adults, ignoring armed forces and children. We divided the sample into five education groups: high school dropouts (HSD), high school graduates (HSG), individuals with some college (SC), college graduates (CG) and post-college degree holders (PC). In order to construct the education variable, until 1991 we used the years of schooling completed and added 0.5 years if the individual did not complete the highest grade attended and from 1992 we used years of schooling as is. Weekly
wages are constructed by taking the previous year’s wage and salary income
and dividing it by the number of weeks worked in the previous year. Hourly
wages are defined as the weekly wage divided by the number of hours worked in
the previous week in all jobs, while annual (annualized) wages are defined as
the weekly wage multiplied by 52. Wages are multiplied by 1.75 for top-coded
observations until 1995. Nominal wages are deflated using the Personal
Consumption Expenditure (PCE) index from NIPA table 2.3.4 (http://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=9&step=1).
Since wages refer to the previous year, we use PCE for year X-1 for
observations in year X and therefore all wages are expressed in constant 2006
dollars. Information
on number of children under six for the period 1968 - 1975, which is missing from
the survey data, is completed where possible using the distribution of this
variable in 1967 and 1976 for each gender, marital status and cohort
separately. The completed information can be used to construct an aggregate
trend, but not to identify the number of children for a specific individual. In order
to construct couples, we kept only heads of households and spouses (i.e. no
secondary families were used) and dropped households with more than one male
or more than one female. We then merged women and men based on year and
household id and dropped problematic couples (with two heads or two spouses,
with more than one family or with inconsistent marital status or number of
children). |
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